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NetAlly LinkRunner? AT網(wǎng)絡(luò )自動(dòng)測試儀
NetAlly LinkRunner 10G高級以太網(wǎng)測試儀
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NetAlly LinkRunner? AT 3000網(wǎng)絡(luò )和線(xiàn)纜測試儀
NetAlly LinkRunner? AT 4000高端網(wǎng)絡(luò )和線(xiàn)纜測試儀
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NetAlly AirMagnet? Survey PRO無(wú)線(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò )現場(chǎng)勘察軟件
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福祿克Fluke Fiber OneShot? PRO光纖測試儀
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EXFO MaxTester 710B最后一英里OTDR
NetAlly LinkRunner? G2智能有線(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò )測試儀
NetAlly LinkRunner? AT網(wǎng)絡(luò )自動(dòng)測試儀
NetAlly OneTouch? AT G2網(wǎng)絡(luò )性能測試儀
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橫河YOKOGAWA AQ1000掌上型光時(shí)域反射儀
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EXFO FTBx-730CPON FTTx/MDU OTDR光時(shí)域反射
EXFO FTBx-735C城域網(wǎng)/PON FTTx/MDU OTDR光時(shí)域反射儀
EXFO FTBx-750C城域網(wǎng)/長(cháng)距離OTDR光時(shí)域反射儀
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In the DSX-5000 CableAnalyzer, this is implemented automatically. If you test to either “ISO11801 Class Ea Channel” or “ISO11801 Class?PL2 Class Ea” and the insertion loss measurement is less than 12 dB at 450 MHz, a relaxed?NEXT limit may be applied. It is not possible to change PASS/FAIL limits in a field tester based on the measured result of a parameter. Compliance with ISO/IEC 11801 Class EA?requirements can be verified using the DTX CableAnalyzer in one of two ways: by obtaining a PASS condition using the regular “ISO11801 Channel Class Ea” or ”ISO11801 PL2 Class Ea” test option, orby obtaining a PASS condition using an alternate “ISO11801 Chan Class Ea Low IL” or “ISO11801 PL2 Class Ea Low IL” option; if a PASS* conditions applies to insertion loss, the true result should be a PASS, as explained in the following.ISO/IEC 11802:2002 Amendment 2 (Published April 2010) – Table A.5 “For Configurations PL1, PL2, and CP1, whenever the class EA?permanent link insertion loss at 450 MHz is less than 12 dB, subtract the term 1,4((f – 450)/50) to the equation stated above for the range of 450 MHz to 500 MHz.” ANSI/TIA-568-C.2 (Published August 2009) There is no such rule/requirement in this North American Standard for Category 6A. Reality check It is very unlikely that implementing the “12 dB rule” is going to turn your failing NEXT and PS NEXT results into a PASS. That’s because the NEXT limit is relaxed between 450 MHz and 500 MHz only, and not by much. Let’s take an example:Tested to “ISO11801 PL2 Class Ea”Tested to “ISO11801 PL2 Class Ea Low IL”It did not change the outcome of the test result, because the failing NEXT was not between 450 MHz and 500 MHz. This may be better explained using an animation:Known issue in previous DTX code The “ISO ClassEa Ch AMD1 Low IL” and “ISO ClassEa PL2 25N1599?Lo IL” test options in the DTX had an insertion loss limit of 12 dB at 450 MHz to prevent the user from incorrectly applying the “12 dB rule” detailed previously. The DTX CableAnalyzer (Version 1.36 limits) had an insertion loss limit that has a step response at 450 MHz as indicated below:This could result in a measurement incorrectly assigning a FAIL for the insertion loss parameter. It’s incorrect because the existing limit for insertion loss still applies; the 12 dB is only used for assessing whether the relaxed NEXT limit should be applied. As a result, we have changed the limit for insertion loss in the DTX CableAnalyzer and LinkWare software. The above result will now look like:The change indicated was incorporated into the DTX CableAnalyzer Software Version 2.22 and LinkWare 6.0 releases. If the AUTOTEST fails now, it’s because it failed to meet the 12 dB insertion loss requirement at 450 MHz, indicating that this test option cannot be used to achieve a PASS result for the Class EA?channel. It is possible for the DTX CableAnalyzer to report a PASS* for insertion loss @ 450 MHz if the measured insertion loss at 450 MHz is closer to 12 dB than the specified accuracy of the DTX CableAnalyzer. This PASS* for insertion loss?indicates that the DTX CableAnalyzer cannot determine within its measurement accuracy whether the relaxed NEXT and PS NEXT limits are applicable. It does not necessarily indicate that the measured insertion loss is within the measurement uncertainty of the limits for insertion loss that is applicable to ISO/IEC 11801 Class EA?cabling. If necessary, the true insertion loss performance of the cabling can be verified using the regular “ISO11801 Channel Class Ea” and “ISO11801 PL2 ClassEa”?test options, and observing the test result for insertion loss. If this result does not contain a PASS* result for insertion loss, the PASS* for insertion loss of the ISO11801 Chan ClassEa?Low IL test, technically speaking, should be a PASS and not PASS*. This is a limitation of the code in the DTX CableAnalyzer. In conclusion: The overall result of an ISO/IEC 11801 Class EA?test should be as follows:If either the “ISO11801Channel Class Ea” or “ISO11801Chan Class Ea Low IL” test shows a pass, the result is a PASS.If either the?”ISO11801 PL2?ClassEa” or “ISO11801 PL2 ClassEa Low IL”?test shows a pass, the result is a PASS.If the “ISO11801Chan Class Ea Low IL” or “ISO11801 PL2 ClassEa Low IL”?test shows a PASS* that is caused by the result for insertion loss only, the result of the “ISO11801Chan Class Ea Low IL” or “ISO11801 PL2 ClassEa Low IL”?should be reviewed for insertion loss only; if this result is a PASS, the result of the “ISO11801Chan Class Ea Low IL” or “ISO11801 PL2 ClassEa Low IL” test can be considered to be PASS (the ‘*” is not applicable)....
A YouTube video explaining how this this works is also?available from here.This is applicable to ALL test limits in the DTX CableAnalyzer where a Return Loss measurement is made.When?the Insertion Loss is less than 3.0 dB at the frequency point where the measurement is made, then the Return Loss measurement is ignored and not uated against the selected Test Limit/Cabling Standard in the DTX CableAnalyzer.This is often referred to as the?3 dB rule.It applies to ALL cabling standards/test limits in the DTX CableAnalyzer.On a short?link,the Insertion Loss may never reach 3.0 dB.If that were to happen, then the entire measurement would be?ignored, or as the cabling standards phrase it; “recorded for information only”.If this were to happen with your DTX CableAnalyzer, you would see an “i” appear next to the summary result for that test parameter.In LinkWare software, the result would be recorded with “N/A’.An example is shown below:Concern is normally caused when the result has a negative margin.In this example we see the Return Loss margin was -2.2. A?negative margin is normally associated with a FAIL, but because the entire link never exceeded 3.0 dB Insertion Loss, it is not a FAIL.Let’s review in detail how this works by looking at another example test result.A TIA Cat 5e Perm.Link AUTOTEST was run on a 29.0 m installed link, giving the following result:Looks normal – very nice margins.Let’s take a look at the Return Loss result in a little more detail:You will observe that?the limit line has two colors, black and red.The cabling standards do not require the cable tester manufacturer to display where the?3 dB rule is implemented to the user, only that it is implemented.However, the DTX CableAnalyzer will indicate where the 3 dB rule has been implemented by changing the color of the limit line.If the?limit line is black, it?indicates that the Insertion Loss was less than 3.0 dB.If the?limit line is red, the Insertion Loss was 3.0 dB or greater.So for this Pair 3,6 the Return Loss?is not uated below 29.3 MHz. Let’s take a quick look at the Insertion Loss for Pair 3,6:As you can see, the Insertion Loss reached 3.0 dB at 29.3 MHz, as previously indicated in the Return Loss Pair 3,6 graph above.It’s an interesting rule, because if it were not in place, our margin for the above result would reduce from 10.2 dB to 9.0 dB:As previously mentioned, if the link is particularly short, then the Insertion Loss may never reach 3.0 dB and the entire Return Loss?result is “ignored”.Let’s take a closer look at the first example where the test result was:Looking at the worst case Return Loss result, we see the entire limit line is black, suggesting that the Insertion Loss for Pair?3,6 never reached 3.0 dB:Looking at the Insertion Loss for Pair 3,6:We see that the Insertion did indeed never reach 3.0 dB, so the entire measurement is not uated against the limit line (ignored) and recorded as “i” Information Only.If this result was downloaded to LinkWare Software, the report would show N/A against this measurement:No further action is required by the installer.This is a valid standards compliant result....
FLUKE DTX系列測試報告中為什么會(huì )出現*號?以及同樣的線(xiàn)材在不同的測試平臺上的結果為什么會(huì )有不一致的現象? 請看下面文章:通常如果測試的最差余量不幸落在了儀器的測試精度范圍之外,在設備的測試界面上我們就會(huì )發(fā)現會(huì )多出(*).號標志 。 這恰好是基于A(yíng)NSI/TIA/EIA-568-BandIEC61935-1的標準要求來(lái)做的. 讓我們來(lái)看看在什么頻率點(diǎn)出現1.9db的余量值為了更好的便于理解,在下附圖中我們將標準極限值的用紅色線(xiàn)條標識出來(lái).用兩條黑色的線(xiàn)條來(lái)標識出儀器的精度判別范圍,其中黃色區域將是精度無(wú)法識別的區間.在所有的測試結果結果當中,如果不幸有測試的最差余量值落在了這個(gè)區間,那么將會(huì )有(*)予以明確標示.這對于理解在頻率域范圍內的波形幅度變化是非常重要的。我們選擇線(xiàn)對Pair3,6-4,5繪制出下圖:剛好在這個(gè)無(wú)法判別的精度區間,因此*會(huì )出現在最終的測試結果當中??偨Y:通常如果出現*號的標示,不論是通過(guò)或者不通過(guò),我們認為當前的測試結果都是超出了機器的判別精度范圍之外,因此我們需要就相同的線(xiàn)材進(jìn)行多次測試,驗證經(jīng)過(guò)多次測試結果是否一致?或者換一下接頭,把線(xiàn)材調一個(gè)頭測試一下。另外,為什么不同儀器會(huì )有不同值。以DTX-1800為例:有的插入損耗0.1的結果上面是標注有*號的,標有*號的意味著(zhù)是在精度范圍之外,機器已經(jīng)無(wú)法判斷出測試結果究竟是不是通過(guò),有些它就會(huì )以“失敗”來(lái)判斷出此次測試結果;同樣,另外一臺DTX-1800的機器上,測試結果是以通過(guò)來(lái)標識的,它的插入損耗為0.9也是標注有*號的,也就是說(shuō)DTX-1800這臺機器它的某些測試指標上下容許有正負1+1%的上下浮動(dòng)誤差。...
福祿克DSX-5000關(guān)于線(xiàn)纜類(lèi)型的說(shuō)明,如果您手里頭剛好有福祿克DSX-5000 Cableanalyzer 線(xiàn)纜分析儀,那么您可以很明顯的看到它與福祿克DTX1800的區別,那就是前面有S和U的區別,那他們是什么意思呢?U-FTP,SF-UTP,S-FTP,U-UTP,F-UTP,福祿克DSX5000線(xiàn)纜類(lèi)型詳細介紹技術(shù)資料:U-FTP雙絞線(xiàn):沒(méi)有總屏蔽層,線(xiàn)對屏蔽為鋁箔屏蔽的屏蔽雙絞線(xiàn);SF-UTP雙絞線(xiàn):總屏蔽層為絲網(wǎng)+鋁箔的雙重屏蔽,線(xiàn)對沒(méi)有屏蔽的雙重屏蔽雙絞線(xiàn);S-FTP雙絞線(xiàn):總屏蔽層為絲網(wǎng),線(xiàn)對屏蔽為鋁箔屏蔽的雙重屏蔽雙絞線(xiàn)。U-UTP雙絞線(xiàn):即通常所說(shuō)的UTP雙絞線(xiàn),非屏蔽雙絞線(xiàn);F-UTP雙絞線(xiàn):總屏蔽層為鋁箔屏蔽,沒(méi)有線(xiàn)對屏蔽層的屏蔽雙絞線(xiàn);UTP Unshielded Twisted Paired 非屏蔽雙絞線(xiàn),除某些特殊場(chǎng)合(如受電磁輻射嚴重、對傳輸質(zhì)量要求較高等)在布線(xiàn)中使用。...
安裝一個(gè)PC LinkWare 9.3軟件。下載頁(yè)面:www.faxytech.com/Linkware, 下載版本4.2 固件,以及記住保存的固件文件!確保您的電池電量充足;如果有疑問(wèn),電源連接到你的DSX-5000儀器。打開(kāi)電腦LinkWare軟件9.3 。在Versiv/ TFS主框架連接到使用隨附單元的微型USB線(xiàn)的電腦。點(diǎn)擊 Utilities > DSX-CableAnalyzer > Software Update 加載 update_4_2_Build_6.cic 文件。...
在使用福祿克FLuke DSX-5000的過(guò)程中,有些人會(huì )有這樣的疑問(wèn),為什么同材質(zhì)不一樣會(huì )顯示不一樣的長(cháng)度呢?下面連訊達工程師叫您如果校準您的DSX-5000線(xiàn)纜認證分析儀。你只需要做以下簡(jiǎn)單幾步就能完成操作。輸入數字(使用供應商的數據表格)。選擇對應的線(xiàn)纜類(lèi)型。利用已知長(cháng)度的線(xiàn)纜校準NVP。校準NVP的時(shí)候,至少需要30M-100M的線(xiàn)材,線(xiàn)材測試的實(shí)際長(cháng)度,然后通過(guò)NVP變化,使線(xiàn)材的長(cháng)度和校準長(cháng)度一樣。圖文介紹:選擇測試設置界面,選擇NVP:選擇Measure (測量)調整NVP使得長(cháng)度等于你已知線(xiàn)纜的長(cháng)度。 ...
什么是福祿克DSX-5000通道測試和永久鏈路測試?通常我們再測試過(guò)程中提到用什么測試標準,現在工程中大部分使用的是通道測試,也就是用跳線(xiàn)加通道然后選擇對應的Channel標準,一般不用永久鏈路的原因是因為永久鏈路損耗,購買(mǎi)就太貴了。所以選擇經(jīng)濟的跳線(xiàn)形勢。除去這些因素,我們來(lái)看看他們到底有什么區別?我們如何選擇爭取的DSX-5000測試模式。第一:永久鏈路測試方法。為了獲得有意義的測試結果,有必要福祿克DSX-5000選擇適當的鏈路模型?!坝谰面溌贰钡男阅芏x為:一條通過(guò)了測試的永久鏈路在添加了合格的跳線(xiàn)之后,所構成的“信道”其性能將自動(dòng)滿(mǎn)足標準規定的參數要求?!昂细瘛钡奶€(xiàn)是指按照跳線(xiàn)標準已通過(guò)了測試的跳線(xiàn)。 建議DSX-5000使用永久鏈路的測試模型和測試標準進(jìn)行新安裝電纜鏈路的認證。在永久鏈路的生命周期中,用戶(hù)跳線(xiàn)和設備跳線(xiàn)可能會(huì )多次更換,而永久鏈路(及質(zhì)量)是不變的。 永久鏈路測試模型要求“測試跳線(xiàn)”對于測量過(guò)程是完全透明的。在實(shí)際操作中,這意味著(zhù)參數測量時(shí),測試工具必須更加復雜,以便消除測試跳線(xiàn)的影響。 然而,實(shí)際的情況卻是,永久鏈路模型包含了“末端連接”的特性 – 也就是說(shuō)包含了測試適配器末端的8針插頭(RJ45)和鏈路末端的插座的參數。對于近端串擾(NEXT)和回波損耗等重要參數,“插頭-插座”的不同組合會(huì )帶來(lái)各種不穩定的測試結果。為了正確評估鏈路末端的插座(在TO或配線(xiàn)架中)以及這些插座中線(xiàn)對終端的性能,永久鏈路測試適配器末端的插頭應該是標準的測試插頭,它對所有頻率測試參數能夠在所允許的窄帶公差范圍內提供元器件參數的“中心”性能,穩定且基本不偏離此中心。這就要求所有這些測試插頭之間的差別不會(huì )很大,最重要的是:能夠提供可重復的穩定測試結果。第二:通道測試方法。在幫助恢復服務(wù)或在應用支持活動(dòng)中需要檢測電纜時(shí), 通常要進(jìn)行通道(信道)測量, 而在一項新的安裝結束時(shí)通常不進(jìn)行道(信道)測試( 因為此時(shí)每條鏈路的跳線(xiàn)大多都還沒(méi)安裝)。正確的信道測量必須扣除測試儀的信道適配器(DSX-PC5ES,DSX-PC6S)與跳線(xiàn)連接(水晶頭)的匹配影響。...
解讀您網(wǎng)線(xiàn)Fluke測試報告。您的網(wǎng)線(xiàn)測試報告由我們的Fluke DTX-1800網(wǎng)線(xiàn)測試儀和相關(guān)的Fluke LinkWare軟件生成。為了解釋如何生成此測試報告,以及它上面顯示的值和圖形的含義,我們首先需要稍微觸及一下這些規范。Fluke測試儀支持Cat 5e和6個(gè)跳線(xiàn)的兩套規格:TIA和ISO規格。ISO規范比TIA更嚴格。對于Cat6a跳線(xiàn),測試儀僅支持ISO規格。我們將銷(xiāo)售符合TIA或ISO規格的網(wǎng)線(xiàn); 在絕大多數情況下,我們的網(wǎng)線(xiàn)符合更嚴格的ISO規范?;夭〒p耗的規格限制與網(wǎng)線(xiàn)長(cháng)度無(wú)關(guān); 相同的通過(guò)/失敗限制適用于任何長(cháng)度的網(wǎng)線(xiàn)。然而,串擾(NEXT)并非如此。串擾的規格限制隨長(cháng)度而變化,對于較長(cháng)的網(wǎng)線(xiàn)而言變得更加寬松。在距離的短暫變化范圍內,極限的變化很小,Fluke建議我們測試一個(gè)比測試網(wǎng)線(xiàn)稍長(cháng)但不短的限制。然而,任何實(shí)際失敗的網(wǎng)線(xiàn)“通過(guò)”的可能性都被Fluke建立在這些極限集中的誤差參數范圍,并將提醒測試操作員(并在測試報告中顯示)測試是在測試者的統計誤差范圍內(因此不是鐵的某些通過(guò))。我們不會(huì )出售網(wǎng)線(xiàn),除非它產(chǎn)生的誤差范圍之外的測試結果遠遠大于相鄰極限集之間的差異。如果Cat 6或6a跳線(xiàn)超過(guò)20米,我們將針對20米標準進(jìn)行測試,因為我們沒(méi)有為更長(cháng)的網(wǎng)線(xiàn)編寫(xiě)“限制設置”。這是一個(gè)示例測試報告,其中一些最重要的項目用于解釋。1、測試限制:這是以米為單位的長(cháng)度,計算了測試中使用的規格限制。它應始終等于或超過(guò)網(wǎng)線(xiàn)的實(shí)際長(cháng)度,并代表Fluke測試儀具有一組編程限制的下一個(gè)更長(cháng)的網(wǎng)線(xiàn)長(cháng)度。2、長(cháng)度,延遲,偏斜和阻力表:該表顯示了測試儀對網(wǎng)線(xiàn)長(cháng)度的估計(可能與實(shí)際長(cháng)度不同 - 這個(gè)數字是通過(guò)測量電延遲來(lái)估算的),傳播延遲(即信號從信號中獲取的時(shí)間長(cháng)度)網(wǎng)線(xiàn)的一端到另一端),以納秒為單位,延遲偏斜以納秒為單位(傳播延遲從一對到另一對的最大差異),以及一對以歐姆為單位的電阻(不要與網(wǎng)線(xiàn)的特性阻抗相混淆,它始終處于或接近100歐姆)。3、串擾(NEXT)表:該表確定了網(wǎng)線(xiàn)中最差的近端串擾(NEXT)結果。串擾是其中一個(gè)數據對上的信號在另一個(gè)數據對上引發(fā)信號的趨勢 - 這種現象在模擬世界中有時(shí)會(huì )導致您在使用電話(huà)時(shí)在后臺隱約聽(tīng)到另一個(gè)對話(huà)。在網(wǎng)線(xiàn)中的每個(gè)可能的對/對組合之間測試串擾,并且從“主”和“遠程”測試器單元測試串擾,每個(gè)的結果分別在“MAIN”和“SR”列下報告。右側的“最壞情況值”表在跳線(xiàn)測試中始終為空白?!白钤愀獾囊粚Α?- 該線(xiàn)顯示,參考連接器引腳分配,哪組對表現出最差的串擾。這里經(jīng)常(盡管不總是),將是36對和45對,因為36對必須被分開(kāi),因為它被端接到非相鄰的引腳,并且位于連接器中的45對的正上方或下方,使這兩對更容易相互串擾。以下三行將顯示網(wǎng)線(xiàn)規格的凈空高度,以及凈空最窄的位置。 “NEXT(分貝)” - 該行未顯示實(shí)際的NEXT(近端串擾)值; 相反,它顯示了以dB為單位的最小余量,測得的NEXT值超過(guò)了測試極限。在這種情況下,最差的結果比所需的規格好3.2 dB。串擾隨頻率而變化,可接受的串擾限制也隨頻率而變化,并且該最小值可以在測試范圍內的任何頻率下發(fā)生。在測試范圍內的其他地方的串擾性能總是至少同樣好,并且在許多點(diǎn)上將比這個(gè)值好得多。注意,NEXT表示為正值,并且該值越高,串擾水平越低; 該值表示預期信號電平超過(guò)串擾電平的dB數。這導致看起來(lái)像“ “Freq。(MHz)” - 該行顯示以兆赫為單位的頻率,其中出現上面一行所示的最差NEXT余量。主要和遠程單元獲得了類(lèi)似的結果,最差頻率在一個(gè)方向上為239.5 MHz,在另一個(gè)方向上為241.0 MHz。 “Limit(dB)” - 此行顯示所示頻率下NEXT的限制(以dB為單位)。將此值添加到NEXT(dB)線(xiàn)上顯示的邊距將告訴您在測試網(wǎng)線(xiàn)中該頻率下NEXT的實(shí)際值(以dB為單位)。4、回損表:該表確定了網(wǎng)線(xiàn)中用于回波損耗性能的最差對,并顯示該對的最差通過(guò)裕量與規格的回波損耗限值?;夭〒p耗是由于線(xiàn)路阻抗變化導致的網(wǎng)線(xiàn)中的信號引起的損耗。 - “最差對” - 再次參考連接器引腳分配,顯示哪一對具有相對于規格限制的最小回波損耗裕度。 “RL(dB)” - 與上面相應的NEXT表一樣,該值不顯示回波損耗值,但顯示了最壞的一對在最差頻率下超過(guò)測試極限的dB數。在這種情況下,根據是使用主數據還是遠程數據,最小邊距為7.5(主)或10。 “頻率(MHz)” - 回波損耗隨頻率變化很大,這表示測得的回波損耗最接近允許極限的頻率。正如您所看到的,在這種特殊情況下,最小的余量發(fā)生在非常不同的頻率(11.5和250 MHz),具體取決于是否咨詢(xún)了主要或遠程測試單元,但在這兩種情況下,保證金都非常出色。 “限制(dB)” - 該行顯示了相關(guān)頻率下回波損耗的允許限值。此數字加上“RL(dB)”行中顯示的余量,為您提供“Freq。(MHz)”行頻率下網(wǎng)線(xiàn)的測試回波損耗值。再次,就像串擾一樣,數字可能看起來(lái)是向后的:如果限制為20 dB,這意味著(zhù)測試值應超過(guò)20 dB以通過(guò)規范,而不是更少,因為更高的dB值意味著(zhù)更少的回波損耗,不多。為了使事情稍微有點(diǎn)混亂,有些人用負dB表示這些RL數字,這意味著(zhù)它們與正dB表示完全相同 - 如果您遇到需要RL負值的規范,請牢記這一點(diǎn)。這些限制和測量完全相同,但符號相反。在里面 ”5、長(cháng)度估計這里,如左邊的表格,是基于信號通過(guò)它的時(shí)間估計的網(wǎng)線(xiàn)長(cháng)度。這些估計通常相當接近但可能與測量的物理網(wǎng)線(xiàn)長(cháng)度不同。6和7、 NEXT和RL圖:這些圖表顯示了NEXT和回波損耗值,以dB為單位,因為它們隨頻率變化。水平軸是頻率(Cat 5e將達到100 MHz,Cat 6將達到250 MHz,Cat 6a將達到500 MHz),垂直軸為dB。在每種情況下,相對平滑,較低的紅色跡線(xiàn)顯示測試極限,并且上面的不均勻,凹凸不平的彩色跡線(xiàn)顯示六對組合(對于NEXT)或四對(對于RL),每個(gè)具有不同的顏色。只要配對和配對組合的跡線(xiàn)保持在適用的限制線(xiàn)以上,網(wǎng)線(xiàn)就會(huì )通過(guò)規范。你可能會(huì )懷疑,在看這些時(shí),有一件事就是為什么它們如此笨重。除了像限制標記那樣平滑,均勻的曲線(xiàn),顯示網(wǎng)線(xiàn)實(shí)際NEXT和RL的跡線(xiàn)往往具有峰和谷,在大多數情況下,在圖中以規則的間隔重復。造成這種情況的原因可能有很多,但主要原因是信號通過(guò)網(wǎng)線(xiàn)傳播時(shí)最大的“事件”是阻抗凸點(diǎn),并伴隨著(zhù)導體在連接器處的重新定向(導致串擾增加)每一端。因為在這些點(diǎn)處存在反射,所以網(wǎng)線(xiàn)傾向于以與網(wǎng)線(xiàn)的物理波長(cháng)相對應的頻率“振鈴”,這意味著(zhù)不僅在該頻率處將存在回波損耗尖峰,但是在它的所有諧波倍數。在較長(cháng)的網(wǎng)線(xiàn)中,這些尖釘往往不如較短的網(wǎng)線(xiàn)那么突出; 只要它們不會(huì )導致網(wǎng)線(xiàn)超過(guò)NEXT或RL的規定限制,它們就不會(huì )引起關(guān)注。...
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